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* From the Indiana University Medical Center (Dr. Mathur), Indianapolis, IN; Mayo Clinic (Dr. Edell), Rochester, MN; Free University Hospital (Dr. Sutedja), Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and University Hospitals of St. Etienne Hôpital NORD (Dr. Vergnon), St. Etienne, France.
Correspondence to: Praveen N. Mathur, MBBS, FCCP, Indiana University Medical Center, 550 North University Blvd, Suite 5450, Indianapolis, IN 46202-2879
Photodynamic therapy (PDT), brachytherapy, electrocautery, cryotherapy, and Nd-YAG laser therapy are therapeutic options available for management of endobronchial malignancies. All of these treatment modalities have been used for both palliation of late obstructing cancers, and more recently have been used as primary treatment of early radiographically occult cancers. We reviewed the evidence for the use of these treatment options in the management of early lung cancer.
Key Words: carcinoma in situ cryotherapy interventional bronchoscopy lasers lung cancer photodynamic therapy
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