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1 From the Division of Thoracic Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston
The intrathoracic staging of lung cancer involves assessment of the primary tumor and potential sites of metastases. Imaging studies of the chest are sensitive in detecting intrathoracic abnormalities, but specific staging information generally requires a tissue biopsy. The instruments used to obtain this information include the bronchoscope, mediastinoscope, and thoracoscope. The complementary application of these instruments can provide valuable staging information while limiting the morbidity of surgical staging.
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